The first phase with the cost of million rupees is now complete, and it would be developed further with time. The construction work on the dry port was started in June The dry port is expected to facilitate trade and economic activities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is equipped with modern loading and unloading facilities, and the shipments transported to or from Karachi sea-port can easily be loaded or unloaded at the dry port before its onward national and international transportation.
The Act deemed to have taken effect from 27 November According to the amendment, Army chief and Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee can be reappointed for a tenure up to 3 years. And, the reappointment cannot be questioned in any Court on any ground. All of the money belong to Pakistan and will be sent back to Pakistan. It is expected that the government of Pakistan will launch a large scale investigation into the matter that how the money was earned and laundered to UK. The vision will be headed by a former senior Google executive Tania Aidrus and its headquarter will be based in the Prime Minister Office, Islamabad.
The estimated cost of the university is Rs 6 billion. It remained on the grey list until 27 February when Pakistan was put on the white list. However, Pakistan was put on the grey list again on 29 June , and is still on the grey list. The purpose of FATF is to combat money laundering and terrorism financing. The controversial general elections were held on July 25, However, the economy suffered due to conspiracy against the sitting government and the controversial general elections in It is an extensive network of roads, railways, pipelines, and others; connecting major parts of Pakistan with China.
Read More. Public debt also known as Government debt is the debt owed by federal government of Pakistan. The Debt-to-GDP ratio was increased from East Bengal became incidentally a Muslim majority province having out of West Bengal was a Hindu majority province.
Muslims were very happy on the partition as this had enabled them to promote their life conditions. It was rightly an opportunity for compensation.
The Muslim community supported it strongly but Hindus retaliated furiously saying it the division of motherland. The Congress joined the anti-partition movement. They started widespread agitation, violence and boycott of foreign goods. The main reason of Hindu protest was that they had loosened grip over the eastern parts. Annulment of the Partition on 12 December The British government revoked the partition to avoid trouble on the visit of King George V.
The Muslims were disappointed by the government response to the violent strategy of protests adopted by the Hindus. The Simla Deputation of was the first systematic attempt on the part of the Muslims to present their demands, to the British government and to seek their acceptance. It was a galaxy of Muslims leaders from all the provinces, from one end of India to the other and it had Muslims of all background.
Therefore, when in , this deputation called on the Viceroy, it was the most representative Muslim delegation. The memorandum which they presented was a kind of demands which were the uppermost in the minds of the Muslims at that time. The delegation emphasized that the Muslims should not be viewed simply in numerical terms but they should take into account their historical importance and the kind of contribution the Muslims had made to British India and keeping in view that importance they should work towards accommodating their demands.
The delegation emphasized that democratic principle should be introduced keeping in view the peculiar conditions and circumstances of India. The diversity, the fact that there different kinds of people living in India and the fact that the Muslims consider themselves to be a separate entity, all these things had to be taken into account because the India was not a homogenous amalgamated or monolithic political identity. It was a political identity comprising diversity, divergence in view, divergence in outlook and when you introduce some kind of system then these realities had to be accommodated.
In view of this submission they presented some demands: Representation more than their population because of their importance. Separate electorate Reservations of Muslims seats in government jobs. Special share in Municipal or district boards University senates and syndicates Muslim representation in Viceroy Executive Council.
Muslim University at Aligarh. The Viceroy was sympathetic towards the demands. It encouraged the Muslims to launch struggle for their rights parallel to the Indian National Congress but it required an organized platform. The Muslim leaders desired to create a permanent political forum. Wiqar-ul-Mulk chaired the meeting. GOALS: 1. Protection and promotion of political rights and interests of the Muslims.
Cooperation with other communities without prejudice to the above goal. Fostering sense of loyalty, among the Muslims, towards the government 4: Change in the Goals of the Muslim League Important developments occurred during the first decade of the 20th century like annulment of the Partition of Bengal and Western aggression towards Muslim countries, Balkan wars, Libya-Italy war, Demolition of the mosque in Kawnpur , etc.
This change brought the ML and Congress closer. In this way the era of cooperation between Hindus and Muslims set in. The role of the Quaid-i-Azam is highly noteworthy to bring the Congress and the Muslim League to the table. He joined the Muslim League in Both the parties set up committees for making a scheme for constitutional changes in consultation with other political parties.
Role of the Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah did a lot to unite the two nations along with the recognition of the rights of Muslims. Meeting of both parties held at Lucknow in Separate Electorate 3. Commissioned ranks of the army for Indians. Expansion of Provincial Legislative Councils.
Weightage to minorities in provinces. Gains from Muslim Point-of-view 1. Separate Electorate 2. One Third Muslim seats in Central Legislature. Unofficial bill, if opposed by three-fourth members of a community, it will not be passed. Greater association of Indian in all branches of government.
Responsible government 3. Induction of Indians in the commissioned ranks. Conclusion: The historical struggle of the Muslims confirmed their identity. They organized their political party to address the demands. They also got recognition by the Hindus as a separate nation. The British accepted their role in the political domain. Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey.
It was a peak period from to casting demonstrations, boycott, and other pressure by the two major communities, the Hindus and the Muslims. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah.
Goals: 1. Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact. Territorial solidarity of Turkey be preserved. Control of holy the places should not be given to non-Muslims. Dimensions: The writings of the Muslim intellectuals provoked the sentiments for the preservation of Khilafat and retention of the Muslims control of the holy places.
The Muslims journalism played a vital role to steer the direction of the struggle. The Allies imposed humiliating terms on vanquished Turkey. In this way, the major political parties joined hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community. These steps were announced: No participation in victory celebrations.
In Jan. Ansari led a delegation to Viceroy while Maulana M. Jauhar to Europe. The Khilafat Committee decided to start non-cooperation in collaboration with the Congress in May Rowlett Act, Rowlett Act was a black law introduced in India. Jinnah resigned from the central legislature as a protest. Jallianwala Bagh Incident, April The people gathered in Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar but General Dyer opened fire to disperse the throng that cast a huge human casualties It is considered one of the great tragedies in India.
The Nagpur Session of the Congress Dec. They decided to continue the agitation and supported Attaturk to expel foreign forces from Turkey. In the said situation, the Muslims should migrate to the nearest safe place. The ulama issued verdicts to go to Darul Islam, Afghanistan. There was an impression that King of Afghanistan would welcome them. So the migration took place at large scale. Initially Afghans welcomed them. Later, they closed the border and pushed the migrants back to the Indian territories.
It resulted in loss of lives and money. Many died during this mission. Some went to Soviet Union from Afghanistan because they had nothing in India now. In August , they revolted against Hindu landlords whose treatment was very brutal with them. Later this clash changed as Moplahs versus the Police and Hindu.
This embittered the Hindu-Muslim relations. There was an increase in violence day by day and the Chorachori Incident UP in February worsened the situation. The Congress volunteers set a police station on fire and 21 policemen were killed. Gandhi suddenly called off the movement. Developments in Turkey In Attaturk emerged as a national leader and restricted powers of Sultan.
Next he was appointed Chief of the state by Grand National Assembly. In March , Khilafat was abolished. This caused a widespread resentment among the Indian Muslims. They sent delegations to Turkey but failed to achieve their objectives. Conclusions: 1. It was re-affirmation of the reality that religion is a mobilizing force and especially Islam has mobilization capacity to organize masses. It was the movement launched on the basis of extra-territorialism. Later, no such movement but Pan-Islamic sentiments continued.
Hindu-Muslim unity proved short-lived. Reactivation of the Muslim League and other Muslim organizations to restart their activities as a separate nation was the great outcome. Video Lecture Error ! Delhi Muslim Proposals 2. Nehru Report 3. Simon Commission 5. Round Table Conferences 6. The leaders made the efforts to revive harmony for preparing constitutional proposals. Jinnah continued his unremitting efforts to promote Hindu-Muslim unity.
Balochistan, NWFP were accepted to be given constitutional status on certain conditions. Federal system with residuary powers with the provinces 2. Provincial autonomy. Separate electorate for Muslims. Effective representation to minorities in the provinces but the majority should not be reduced to minority 5.
One-third representation of Muslims in Central Legislature. One third Muslim representation in cabinets. No changes in the boundaries of the Punjab and Bengal that would adversely affect Muslim majority. Religious freedom to all.
No law will be passed if three-fourth elected members of a community declare that it is against their interests. Sind to be made a separate province. Muslim representation in govt. Constitutional safeguards for Islamic culture and civilization, education, language, personal laws and Muslim institutions.
Government should provide financial assistance. No constitutional amendment unless all constituent units of the federation agree to it. These points reflected the aspirations of every Muslim living in India. It arrived in India in and it published the report in Most political parties boycotted it. Jinnah, Sir Shafi, Maulana M. Jauhar, Zafarullah Khan participated.
They emphasized federalism, self- government, safeguards for minorities, separate electorate, preferential representation in central legislature, secure majorities in Punjab and Bengal.
Jauhar had died after the first conference. Iqbal, Jinnah and others participated in the second conference. Gandhi represented the Congress. Separate electorate for all minorities of India. Weightage to minorities 3. One third representation for Muslims in Central legislature 5. One fourth representation for Muslims in services 6. Sind to be made a province Poona Pact, September The Congress expressed strong reaction against the right of separate electorate to the Indian minorities, especially to low caste Hindus whom Gandhi named Harijan sons of God.
It was poorly attended conference.
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